Frame rates: These are how many frames are shot within 1 second and it can determine the speed of the film but also the quality. The usual frame rate is 24fps this means 12 drawings to create the sequence. There would often be judder which can effect video quality and will not make it very successful.

Phi phenomenon is the theory of giving an impression that something is moving but we can determine this with speed.

One famous stop motion would be Wallace and Gromit which was directed by Nick Park and this was a big project as it was very popular with the viewers.

Development:

Emile Reynaud was the inventor of the praxinoscope for being very involved in Early cinematic animation, this was the first piece of equipment that could project animation films. The first one projected was the ‘Pantomime Lumineuses’. Praxinoscope: This device is very much like the phenakisticope, but on this it has pictures spinning on the inner circle whilst the outer circle is a spinning cylinder. The images created from this can be projected onto a screen to create a cinema like moving image, which showed a single image.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOItdZOGnx8

The video shows the images of the horses being reflected and when spun at speed it shows the horse running motion.

Flip Book: This a type of animation when using a small flip book to create a movement in an image. Its a series of notes when flipped at speed can create a scene, this can be as simple as a stickman walking. Charles-~Emile Reynaud in 1877.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxwS9xypTvkThis video that shows how advanced flipbooks have become and how complex the moving images can be.

Lumiere Brothers: The brothers Auguste and Louis were responsible for the creation of the photograph devices and equipment. Their first film was about the arrival of a train and it was the first short film produced by the brothers and had its first screening on the 28^th December 1895. The original name was L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat and the locomotive train was pulling into the station and in modern day we use these as exterior establishing shots. This was an unedited film and wanted to show the ways of real and everyday life. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dgLEDdFddk this is a link to the video which they filmed and it has a running time of 50 seconds. This was shot on a single camera with only one shot and no camera movement.

There was a legend that viewers were scared the train will come through the screen it looked that realistic. This made other animators influenced by real life pictures being stop motion.

 

Edison (Kinetoscope)

Thomas Edison was the inventor of the kinetoscope which was an early animation device used for viewing of films for only one person to view at a time. The way it would work would be a strip of film passed quickly with a lightbulb to make it project. This was the first equipment to be used in Europe for stop motion, this influences further inventors such as Walt Disney to broadcast his work worldwide.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=686Y7bZYavA